11. Match the following: List-I (Survey Type) | List-II (Purpose) A. Map study | 1. Best alignment selection B. Reconnaissance | 2. Obligatory points identification C. Preliminary survey | 3. Detailed drawings D. Final survey | 4. Approximate route study
Correct Answer: a) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
Map study gives approximate route (4), reconnaissance identifies obligatory points (2), preliminary selects best alignment (1), and final survey produces detailed drawings (3).
12. Which factor is most critical in highway alignment?
Correct Answer: c) Safety and stability
While other factors are important, safety and stability are paramount in highway alignment to ensure long-term usability and prevent accidents.
13. The first step in highway alignment is:
Correct Answer: b) Map study
Map study is always the first step in highway alignment to get an overall understanding of the area before field surveys.
14. Which of the following is an obligatory point?
Correct Answer: b) A mountain pass
A mountain pass is an obligatory point as it's often the only feasible crossing point in mountainous terrain.
15. The final location survey involves:
Correct Answer: a) Marking alignment on the ground
The final location survey physically marks the selected alignment on the ground for construction.
16. Which survey helps in determining cross-drainage structures?
Correct Answer: b) Preliminary survey
The preliminary survey identifies locations and types of cross-drainage structures needed along the alignment.
17. A highway alignment should avoid:
Correct Answer: b) Steep gradients
Steep gradients should be avoided as they reduce safety and increase vehicle operating costs.
18. The purpose of a traffic survey is to:
Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Traffic surveys serve multiple purposes including determining road capacity, identifying safety issues, and forecasting future needs.
19. Which survey is used to estimate project cost?
Correct Answer: c) Detailed survey
The detailed survey provides precise data needed for accurate cost estimation.
20. The best alignment is one that:
Correct Answer: b) Minimizes construction and maintenance costs
The optimal alignment balances various factors to achieve the most economical solution over the road's lifecycle.
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