1. Who were the pioneers in road construction?
Correct Answer: c) Romans
The Romans built the first large-scale, organized road networks in Europe, with over 400,000 km of roads including 29 major highways radiating from Rome.
2. What material was primarily used by Romans in road construction?
Correct Answer: b) Large Stone Slabs
Roman roads typically had: - Foundation: Large stone slabs (statumen) - Middle layer: Rubble mixed with lime (rudus) - Surface: Polygonal basalt blocks (summum dorsum)
3. The Indus Valley Civilization (5000 BC) had towns planned in which pattern?
Correct Answer: b) Grid
Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa reveal: - Precise 90° intersecting streets - Standardized brick sizes - Sophisticated drainage systems - Uniform street widths (main streets ~10m wide)
4. The Mauryan Empire constructed a 2400 km long road connecting:
Correct Answer: b) Pataliputra to Takshashila
Key features of Mauryan roads (322-185 BCE): - Rest houses every 8-10 km - Shade trees along routes - Milestones indicating distances - Maintained by local villages as tax payment
5. The first major British road in India was:
Correct Answer: b) Grand Trunk Road
Development timeline: - 1839: Calcutta to Delhi section completed - 1854: Extended to Peshawar - 1864: First metaled (paved) road in India - Original width: 7.3 meters (24 feet)
6. Who introduced modern road-building techniques with a base of flat stones set on edge?
Correct Answer: b) Pierre Tresaguet
Tresaguet's 1764 method: - 25cm foundation stones set vertically - 5cm camber for drainage - 18cm wearing course of smaller stones - First scientific approach to load distribution
7. Which engineer emphasized the importance of good drainage in roads?
Correct Answer: b) John Metcalf
Metcalf's contributions (1717-1810): - Built 290km of roads in Yorkshire - Used heather and gorse bundles for swampy areas - Created convex surfaces for runoff - Known as "Blind Jack of Knaresborough"
8. In Telford's construction, the subgrade was kept:
Correct Answer: a) Horizontal
Telford's specifications (1757-1834): - 45cm foundation of hand-packed stones - 10cm intermediate layer of smaller stones - 4cm wearing course of gravel - Problem: Water pooled in flat subgrade
9. Who proposed a cross slope of 1 in 36 for proper drainage from the subgrade level?
Correct Answer: d) Macadam
John McAdam's improvements (1756-1836): - Subgrade shaped to 1:36 cross slope (2.78%) - 30cm compacted crushed stone layers - Traffic compacted the surface - Basis for modern flexible pavements
10. The Macadam construction method recognized the importance of:
Correct Answer: a) Subgrade drainage and compaction
Key Macadam principles: - Dry foundation crucial - Angular aggregates for interlock - Layer thickness ≤7.5cm - Traffic load distributed through layers - Basis for modern asphalt concrete
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